Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in pathogenesis of ameloblastoma: An immunohistochemical study.
Identifieur interne : 000002 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000001; suivant : 000003Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in pathogenesis of ameloblastoma: An immunohistochemical study.
Auteurs : Bhaskar Narayan [Inde] ; Aadithya B. Urs [Inde] ; Jeyaseelan Augustine [Inde] ; Hanspal Singh [Inde]Source :
- Journal of cancer research and therapeutics [ 1998-4138 ]
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Améloblastome (anatomopathologie), Améloblastome (métabolisme), Différenciation cellulaire (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Immunohistochimie (MeSH), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux (métabolisme), Mâle (MeSH), Nourrisson (MeSH), Phosphohydrolase PTEN (métabolisme), Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt (métabolisme), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Transduction du signal (MeSH), Tumeurs de la mâchoire (anatomopathologie), Tumeurs de la mâchoire (métabolisme), Études cas-témoins (MeSH).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Améloblastome, Tumeurs de la mâchoire.
- métabolisme : Améloblastome, Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux, Phosphohydrolase PTEN, Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt, Tumeurs de la mâchoire.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Différenciation cellulaire, Femelle, Humains, Immunohistochimie, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nourrisson, Sujet âgé, Transduction du signal, Études cas-témoins.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Ameloblastoma (metabolism), Ameloblastoma (pathology), Biomarkers, Tumor (metabolism), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), Cell Differentiation (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Immunohistochemistry (MeSH), Infant (MeSH), Jaw Neoplasms (metabolism), Jaw Neoplasms (pathology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), PTEN Phosphohydrolase (metabolism), Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (metabolism), Signal Transduction (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Biomarkers, Tumor, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt.
- metabolism : Ameloblastoma, Jaw Neoplasms.
- pathology : Ameloblastoma, Jaw Neoplasms.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cell Differentiation, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Signal Transduction, Young Adult.
Abstract
Background
Altered molecular signaling pathways in ameloblastoma have been identified to play a pivotal role in the mechanism of oncogenesis, differentiation, and tumor progression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is one of the signaling pathways that are associated with the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) controls cell migration and proliferation. It monitors the level of the Akt and maintains cellular integrity. The present study was aimed to study the immunoexpression of PTEN in ameloblastoma to understand its role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma.
Materials and Methods
Twenty cases of ameloblastoma and ten cases of normal tooth germ were subjected to immunohistochemical staining against PTEN.
Results
Strong PTEN immunopositivity was seen in the tooth germs, while weak positivity was seen in the ameloblastoma. The immunoscore for PTEN was calculated by adding the percentage score and the intensity score. Seventeen cases showed the reduced PTEN expression in the epithelial component of ameloblastoma. The unpaired t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean PTEN immunoscore in tooth germ and ameloblastoma.
Conclusion
The study showed reduced PTEN immunoreactivity, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma, through Akt pathway.
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_528_18
PubMed: 32719259
Affiliations:
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Urs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustine, Jeyaseelan" sort="Augustine, Jeyaseelan" uniqKey="Augustine J" first="Jeyaseelan" last="Augustine">Jeyaseelan Augustine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Hanspal" sort="Singh, Hanspal" uniqKey="Singh H" first="Hanspal" last="Singh">Hanspal Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020 Apr-Jun</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32719259</idno><idno type="pmid">32719259</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_528_18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000037</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000037</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000037</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000037</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000037</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in pathogenesis of ameloblastoma: An immunohistochemical study.</title><author><name sortKey="Narayan, Bhaskar" sort="Narayan, Bhaskar" uniqKey="Narayan B" first="Bhaskar" last="Narayan">Bhaskar Narayan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urs, Aadithya B" sort="Urs, Aadithya B" uniqKey="Urs A" first="Aadithya B" last="Urs">Aadithya B. Urs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustine, Jeyaseelan" sort="Augustine, Jeyaseelan" uniqKey="Augustine J" first="Jeyaseelan" last="Augustine">Jeyaseelan Augustine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Hanspal" sort="Singh, Hanspal" uniqKey="Singh H" first="Hanspal" last="Singh">Hanspal Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New Delhi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of cancer research and therapeutics</title><idno type="eISSN">1998-4138</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Ameloblastoma (metabolism)</term><term>Ameloblastoma (pathology)</term><term>Biomarkers, Tumor (metabolism)</term><term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Cell Differentiation (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Immunohistochemistry (MeSH)</term><term>Infant (MeSH)</term><term>Jaw Neoplasms (metabolism)</term><term>Jaw Neoplasms (pathology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>PTEN Phosphohydrolase (metabolism)</term><term>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (metabolism)</term><term>Signal Transduction (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Améloblastome (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Améloblastome (métabolisme)</term><term>Différenciation cellulaire (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Immunohistochimie (MeSH)</term><term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux (métabolisme)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Nourrisson (MeSH)</term><term>Phosphohydrolase PTEN (métabolisme)</term><term>Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt (métabolisme)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Transduction du signal (MeSH)</term><term>Tumeurs de la mâchoire (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Tumeurs de la mâchoire (métabolisme)</term><term>Études cas-témoins (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers, Tumor</term><term>PTEN Phosphohydrolase</term><term>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Améloblastome</term><term>Tumeurs de la mâchoire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Ameloblastoma</term><term>Jaw Neoplasms</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Améloblastome</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux</term><term>Phosphohydrolase PTEN</term><term>Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt</term><term>Tumeurs de la mâchoire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ameloblastoma</term><term>Jaw Neoplasms</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Cell Differentiation</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Immunohistochemistry</term><term>Infant</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Signal Transduction</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Différenciation cellulaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Immunohistochimie</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Transduction du signal</term><term>Études cas-témoins</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Background</b></p><p>Altered molecular signaling pathways in ameloblastoma have been identified to play a pivotal role in the mechanism of oncogenesis, differentiation, and tumor progression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is one of the signaling pathways that are associated with the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) controls cell migration and proliferation. It monitors the level of the Akt and maintains cellular integrity. The present study was aimed to study the immunoexpression of PTEN in ameloblastoma to understand its role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Materials and Methods</b></p><p>Twenty cases of ameloblastoma and ten cases of normal tooth germ were subjected to immunohistochemical staining against PTEN.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Results</b></p><p>Strong PTEN immunopositivity was seen in the tooth germs, while weak positivity was seen in the ameloblastoma. The immunoscore for PTEN was calculated by adding the percentage score and the intensity score. Seventeen cases showed the reduced PTEN expression in the epithelial component of ameloblastoma. The unpaired t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean PTEN immunoscore in tooth germ and ameloblastoma.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>The study showed reduced PTEN immunoreactivity, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma, through Akt pathway.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32719259</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1998-4138</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><MedlineDate>2020 Apr-Jun</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of cancer research and therapeutics</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Cancer Res Ther</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in pathogenesis of ameloblastoma: An immunohistochemical study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>513-516</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_528_18</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="Background" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Altered molecular signaling pathways in ameloblastoma have been identified to play a pivotal role in the mechanism of oncogenesis, differentiation, and tumor progression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is one of the signaling pathways that are associated with the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) controls cell migration and proliferation. It monitors the level of the Akt and maintains cellular integrity. The present study was aimed to study the immunoexpression of PTEN in ameloblastoma to understand its role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Materials and Methods" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Twenty cases of ameloblastoma and ten cases of normal tooth germ were subjected to immunohistochemical staining against PTEN.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Results" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Strong PTEN immunopositivity was seen in the tooth germs, while weak positivity was seen in the ameloblastoma. The immunoscore for PTEN was calculated by adding the percentage score and the intensity score. Seventeen cases showed the reduced PTEN expression in the epithelial component of ameloblastoma. The unpaired t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean PTEN immunoscore in tooth germ and ameloblastoma.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Conclusion" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The study showed reduced PTEN immunoreactivity, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma, through Akt pathway.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Narayan</LastName><ForeName>Bhaskar</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Urs</LastName><ForeName>Aadithya B</ForeName><Initials>AB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Augustine</LastName><ForeName>Jeyaseelan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singh</LastName><ForeName>Hanspal</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>India</Country><MedlineTA>J Cancer Res Ther</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101249598</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1998-4138</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014408">Biomarkers, Tumor</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.11.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C494918">AKT1 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.11.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051057">Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.3.67</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051059">PTEN Phosphohydrolase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.3.67</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C494929">PTEN protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000564" MajorTopicYN="N">Ameloblastoma</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014408" MajorTopicYN="N">Biomarkers, Tumor</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016022" MajorTopicYN="N">Case-Control Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002454" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Differentiation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007150" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunohistochemistry</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007573" MajorTopicYN="N">Jaw Neoplasms</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051059" MajorTopicYN="N">PTEN Phosphohydrolase</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051057" MajorTopicYN="N">Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ameloblastoma</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">immunohistochemistry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">phosphatase and tensin homolog</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tooth germs</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>None</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32719259</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">JCanResTher_2020_16_3_513_277242</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_528_18</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Inde</li></country></list><tree><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Narayan, Bhaskar" sort="Narayan, Bhaskar" uniqKey="Narayan B" first="Bhaskar" last="Narayan">Bhaskar Narayan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Augustine, Jeyaseelan" sort="Augustine, Jeyaseelan" uniqKey="Augustine J" first="Jeyaseelan" last="Augustine">Jeyaseelan Augustine</name><name sortKey="Singh, Hanspal" sort="Singh, Hanspal" uniqKey="Singh H" first="Hanspal" last="Singh">Hanspal Singh</name><name sortKey="Urs, Aadithya B" sort="Urs, Aadithya B" uniqKey="Urs A" first="Aadithya B" last="Urs">Aadithya B. 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